If you’re a rock climber, you’ve probably heard about Gore-Tex, the revolutionary fabric that offers waterproof, windproof, and breathable protection. But what is Gore Tex and why is it so important for rock climbers? This article will dive into the world of Gore-Tex, uncovering its properties, benefits, and why it’s the go-to choice for climbers looking for protection against the elements.
Table of Contents
What is Gore Tex?
Gore-Tex is a high-performance fabric invented in 1969 by Wilbert L. Gore and his son, Robert W. Gore. It is composed of a thin layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), which is a porous membrane that provides exceptional waterproofing, windproofing, and breathability. The unique structure of the ePTFE membrane has approximately 9 billion pores per square inch, which are small enough to prevent water droplets from entering, yet large enough to allow moisture vapor to escape.
How Does Gore-Tex Work?
Gore-Tex is a waterproof and windproof fabric that works by using a microscopic membrane with pores approximately 20,000 times smaller than a water droplet. This membrane is composed of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and contains approximately 9 billion pores per square inch. The pores are small enough to prevent water droplets from penetrating the fabric, but large enough to allow moisture vapor to pass through. This means that sweat can escape from the body, while rain and other moisture cannot enter.
To create Gore-Tex products, the membrane is applied as a laminate between an outer textile and a lining. There are different layering constructions available, including 2-layer, 3-layer, and Z-liner constructions. In 2-layer construction, the Gore-Tex membrane is bonded to the outer textile only, while in 3-layer construction, the membrane is bonded to both the outer textile and the lining, making for a more durable fabric. The Z-liner construction is similar to 3-layer construction, but the Gore-Tex membrane is bonded to an extremely lightweight fabric that floats freely between the outer textile and the lining, allowing for complex winter outerwear with multiple layers of fabric and insulation.
In addition, the outer layer of Gore-Tex garments is treated with a Durable Water Repellent (DWR) polymer. This ultra-thin coating causes water droplets to bead up and roll off the surface of the fabric, further enhancing its waterproof capabilities. However, this coating can wear off over time and can be re-applied at home with a water-repellant spray.
Overall, Gore-Tex’s unique membrane technology and layering constructions make it an incredibly effective fabric for outdoor activities. Its ability to keep moisture out while allowing sweat to escape keeps wearers dry and comfortable, even in the harshest weather conditions. The combination of Gore-Tex membrane, layering construction, and DWR coating ensures that Gore-Tex products provide unparalleled waterproof and windproof protection, making them a go-to choice for outdoor enthusiasts.
How is Gore-Tex Made?
The manufacturing process of Gore-Tex begins with the creation of the ePTFE membrane. This process involves stretching a solid PTFE resin to create a porous, expanded material that can be used as the membrane in Gore-Tex fabric. The ePTFE membrane is then treated with a special coating that helps to repel water and oil, allowing the membrane to remain breathable while keeping out water and other liquids.
Once the ePTFE membrane is created, it is then laminated between two or more layers of fabric to create the finished Gore-Tex product. The layers of fabric used in Gore-Tex products can vary depending on the intended use of the product, but they are typically chosen for their durability, breathability, and waterproofing properties.
Gore-Tex products are manufactured by a variety of companies around the world, including Gore-Tex’s parent company, W. L. Gore & Associates. The company has manufacturing facilities in several countries, including the United States, Germany, Scotland, Japan, and China. These facilities use the same high-quality materials and manufacturing processes to ensure that all Gore-Tex products meet the company’s strict standards for quality and performance.
In addition to its own manufacturing facilities, Gore-Tex also partners with a wide range of companies in the outdoor and fashion industries to produce products using Gore-Tex technology. These partners include well-known brands like The North Face, Patagonia, and Arc’teryx, among others.
Where Is Gore-Tex Made?
Gore-Tex products are manufactured by a variety of companies around the world, including Gore-Tex’s parent company, W. L. Gore & Associates. The company has manufacturing facilities in several countries, including the United States, Germany, Scotland, Japan, and China. These facilities use the same high-quality materials and manufacturing processes to ensure that all Gore-Tex products meet the company’s strict standards for quality and performance.
In addition to its own manufacturing facilities, Gore-Tex also partners with a wide range of companies in the outdoor and fashion industries to produce products using Gore-Tex technology. These partners include well-known brands like The North Face, Patagonia, and Arc’teryx, among others.
Gore-Tex Impact On The Environment
Gore-Tex fabric is known to have a negative impact on the environment. The production of PTFE, the main component of Gore-Tex, is harmful to the environment and textile workers. During the manufacturing process, a variety of gases are emitted, which can be harmful to human health. Additionally, PTFE is often handled in powder form, which can be inhaled and cause polymer fume fever.
The production of PTFE is also highly wasteful, with unusable PTFE often ending up in landfills. When PTFE degrades in the environment, it can turn into trifluoroacetate (TFA), which can interfere with plant growth and pollute ecosystems for decades. While it is possible to recycle PTFE, it is often more expensive than producing new PTFE material.
Furthermore, Gore-Tex products require periodic spraying with Durable Water Repellent (DWR) to maintain their breathability. The safety of DWR has not been established, and it is considered an environmental toxin. It has been shown to bioaccumulate in wildlife and persist in the environment for years.
Despite its negative impact on the environment, there are efforts to make Gore-Tex production and use more sustainable. Gore-Tex is a member of the Sustainable Apparel Coalition and has taken steps to reduce its environmental footprint. For example, the company has developed a solution to recover and recycle unusable PTFE.
Why is Gore-Tex Ideal For Rock Climbers?
- Waterproof protection: One of the primary reasons rock climbers choose Gore-Tex garments is their exceptional waterproof capabilities. The fabric keeps climbers dry during unexpected rain showers or when facing wet rock surfaces, allowing them to focus on the climb without worrying about their gear getting soaked.
- Windproof protection: Climbers often face windy conditions on the mountainside, and Gore-Tex provides essential windproof protection. This helps to keep climbers warm by preventing wind from cutting through their clothing and stealing their body heat, allowing them to maintain a comfortable temperature during their climb.
- Breathability: When engaging in physically demanding activities like rock climbing, it’s crucial that perspiration can escape from the body to prevent overheating and discomfort. Gore-Tex’s breathable membrane allows moisture vapor to pass through, ensuring climbers remain comfortable even during intense exertion.
- Durability: Gore-Tex fabrics are built to last, making them a worthwhile investment for rock climbers who require reliable gear. The fabric’s durability means it can withstand the abrasion and wear that comes with climbing, providing long-lasting protection for your investment.
- Versatility: Gore-Tex can be found in a wide range of climbing gear, including jackets, pants, gloves, and footwear. This versatility allows climbers to choose the best gear for their specific needs and preferences, ensuring they have the protection they need in all weather conditions.
- Lightweight: Carrying heavy gear can make climbing more challenging and less enjoyable. Gore-Tex garments are designed to be lightweight without compromising on protection, allowing climbers to move more freely and comfortably during their ascent.
What Types Of Gore-Tex Are There?
Gore-Tex offers different types of fabrics, each with its unique set of properties to suit different outdoor activities and weather conditions. Let’s take a closer look at the three main types of Gore-Tex fabrics: regular Gore-Tex, Gore-Tex Active, and Gore-Tex Pro.
Regular Gore-Tex
Regular Gore-Tex is the original and most well-known type of Gore-Tex fabric. It offers excellent waterproof and windproof protection while remaining breathable. Regular Gore-Tex is ideal for a range of outdoor activities, including hiking, camping, and rock climbing.
Its durability and versatility make it a popular choice for those who want to invest in a reliable and long-lasting outdoor gear.
Gore-Tex Active
Gore-Tex Active is designed for high-intensity activities where breathability and mobility are crucial. The fabric is more lightweight and breathable than regular Gore-Tex, making it an excellent choice for activities like trail running, cycling, and cross-country skiing.
Gore-Tex Active also provides excellent waterproof and windproof protection, ensuring that athletes stay dry and comfortable during intense exercise.
Gore-Tex Pro
Gore-Tex Pro is the most advanced type of Gore-Tex fabric and is designed for extreme conditions and activities. It offers the highest level of waterproof and windproof protection while still being breathable. Gore-Tex Pro is ideal for mountaineering, ice climbing, and other activities that require maximum protection and durability.
The fabric is designed to withstand the harshest weather conditions and can withstand heavy wear and tear over time.
What types of products are made using GORE-TEX technology?
Gore-Tex technology is used in a wide range of products, from clothing to footwear and even accessories. Here are some of the most common products made using Gore-Tex technology:
- Jackets: Gore-Tex jackets are a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts, providing excellent protection against rain, wind, and snow while remaining breathable.
- Pants: Gore-Tex pants are also available, providing similar protection as jackets while allowing for ease of movement and flexibility.
- Footwear: Gore-Tex is used in hiking boots, trail running shoes, and even casual shoes to provide waterproof and breathable protection. This allows hikers and other outdoor enthusiasts to keep their feet dry and comfortable during even the most challenging conditions.
- Gloves: Gore-Tex gloves are a must-have for any winter sport or outdoor activity where hands may be exposed to cold, wet conditions. They offer excellent protection against the elements while remaining breathable and comfortable.
- Accessories: Gore-Tex is also used in a variety of accessories, including hats, backpacks, and even camera bags. These accessories provide protection against the elements, ensuring that valuable equipment and personal belongings stay dry and safe.
In summary, Gore-Tex technology is used in a wide range of products, providing excellent protection against the elements while remaining breathable and comfortable.
Gore-Tex Alternatives
While Gore-Tex is the most well-known fabric for outdoor gear, it is not the only option available for rock climbers. Some climbers may choose to opt for alternative fabrics to Gore-Tex due to environmental concerns, cost, or personal preferences. Here are some alternatives:
- Polartec Neoshell – This fabric uses a waterproof and breathable membrane technology that allows moisture to escape while keeping the body dry. It is said to be more breathable than Gore-Tex, making it an ideal option for highly aerobic activities like rock climbing.
- Dry.Q Elite – This is a fabric technology developed by Mountain Hardwear that claims to be the most breathable waterproof fabric available. It works by using air-permeable membranes that allow moisture vapor to escape while keeping water out.
- Columbia OutDry – This fabric technology uses a membrane on the outside of the fabric, rather than on the inside like Gore-Tex. This allows for a more breathable and waterproof fabric that can withstand even the heaviest of downpours.
- Sympatex – This is a waterproof and windproof membrane that is made using a polyester base. It is free from harmful chemicals like PFCs and PTFEs, making it a more environmentally friendly option.
- Ventile – This is a waterproof cotton fabric that is known for being durable and breathable. While it may not be as waterproof as Gore-Tex, it is still a popular option among rock climbers due to its natural feel and sustainability.
It is important to note that while these alternative fabrics may offer similar benefits to Gore-Tex, each has its own unique properties and characteristics. Rock climbers should research and choose the fabric that best suits their needs and preferences.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Gore-Tex is a high-performance fabric that provides rock climbers with exceptional protection against the elements.
Its waterproof, windproof, and breathable properties make it an ideal choice for climbers who face unpredictable weather conditions, while its durability ensures it will stand up to the demands of the sport. However, the production of PTFE, the material used to create Gore-Tex, has a notably negative impact on the environment, and the DWR coating applied to Gore-Tex fabrics is also a known environmental toxin.
As a result, some climbers may choose to explore alternative options, such as eVent or H2No, which utilize different materials and manufacturing processes.
Despite the potential environmental concerns, Gore-Tex remains the go-to choice for many climbers who value its performance and reliability. By understanding how Gore-Tex works, the different types of products that utilize Gore-Tex technology, and its impact on the environment, climbers can make informed decisions about their gear and choose the option that best suits their needs and values.
Whether you’re a seasoned climber or a beginner just starting out, Gore-Tex is a technology that’s worth considering for your next outdoor adventure.